GUI

Graphical User Interface
图形用户接口：采用图形的方式，进行操作页面的展示

  • AWT
    Abstract Window Toolkit

    窗体 -> Frame
    面板 -> Panel
    按钮 -> Button
    标签 -> Label
    文本域 -> TextField
    多行文本 -> TextArea
    …

  • Swing

    窗体 -> JFrame
    面板 -> JPanel
    按钮 -> JButton
    标签 -> JLabel
    文本域 -> JTextField
    多行文本 -> JTextArea
    …

事件

ActionListener 动作/响应事件
KeyListener 键盘事件
MouseListener 鼠标事件

布局管理

边界式 BorderLayout（JFrame）
流式 FlowLayout（JPanel）
网格式 GridLayout 自定义式（null）

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public class UserService {
    public String Login(String account, String password){
        if(account.equals("admin") && password.equals("123456")){
            return "登录成功";
        }
        return "用户名或密码不正确";
    }
}


import service.UserService;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestGui {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        //创建窗体
        JFrame jf = new JFrame("登录窗口");
        //jf.setTitle("设置窗体标题的一种方式");
        //设置窗体出现位置，宽高
        jf.setBounds(200,300, 480,360);
        //创建一个面板
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();

        //创建 title 标题
        JLabel title = new JLabel("在 线 考 试 系 统");
        //创建账户标签
        JLabel userLabel = new JLabel("账 号：");
        //创建密码标签
        JLabel passLabel = new JLabel("密 码：");
        //创建账户输入框
        JTextField userText = new JTextField();
        //创建密码输入框
        JPasswordField passText = new JPasswordField();

        //创建复选框
        JCheckBox jcBox = new JCheckBox("记住密码");

        //添加按钮
        JButton logIn = new JButton("登 录");
        JButton logOut = new JButton("退 出");

        //布局
        /**
         * 设置panel布局管理为自定义
         */
        panel.setLayout(null);
        title.setBounds(100,10,300,50);
        title.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,26));

        userLabel.setBounds(60,80,100,30);
        userLabel.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        passLabel.setBounds(60,130,100,30);
        passLabel.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        userText.setBounds(135,80,220,30);
        userText.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        passText.setBounds(135,130,220,30);
        passText.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        jcBox.setBounds(130,180,120,20);

        logIn.setBounds(135,220,80,30);
        logIn.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,16));

        logOut.setBounds(255,220,80,30);
        logOut.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,16));

        panel.add(title);
        panel.add(userLabel);
        panel.add(userText);
        panel.add(passLabel);
        panel.add(passText);
        panel.add(jcBox);
        panel.add(logIn);
        panel.add(logOut);
        jf.add(panel);
		
		//添加事件
        ActionListener listener = new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String account = userText.getText();
                String password = new String(passText.getPassword());
                UserService uservice = new UserService();
                String res = uservice.Login(account,password);

                if(res.equals("登陆成功")){
                    System.out.println(res);
                }else{
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(jf,res);
                    userText.setText("");
                    passText.setText("");
                }
            }
        };
        logIn.addActionListener(listener);

        //设置窗体状态，显示
        jf.setVisible(true);

        //设计点击关闭按钮，关闭窗口
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
    }
}

菜单

/*JMenuBar bar = new JMenuBar();
JMenu menu = new JMenu("文件");
JMenuItem newItem = new JMenuItem("新建");
menu.add(newItem);
bar.add(menu);
jf.setJMenuBar(bar);*/

示例代码

  • BaseFrame
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package frames;

import javax.swing.*;

public abstract class BaseFrame extends JFrame {
    //模板模式
    protected abstract void setComponentConfig();
    protected abstract void addElements();
    protected abstract void addListener();
    protected abstract void setFrameSelf();

    public BaseFrame(){};

    public BaseFrame(String title){
        super(title);
    }

    protected void init(){
        setComponentConfig();
        addElements();
        addListener();
        setFrameSelf();
    }
}
  • UserService
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package service;

public class UserService {
    public String Login(String account, String password){
        if(account.equals("admin") && password.equals("123456")){
            return "登录成功";
        }
        return "用户名或密码不正确";
    }
}
  • LoginFrame
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package frames;

import service.UserService;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class LoginFrame extends BaseFrame {
    //布局管理
    private JPanel panel = new JPanel();
    //标题
    private JLabel title = new JLabel("在 线 考 试 系 统");
    //账户标签
    private JLabel userLabel = new JLabel("账 号：");
    //密码标签
    private JLabel passLabel = new JLabel("密 码：");
    //账户输入框
    private JTextField userText = new JTextField();
    //密码输入框
    private JPasswordField passText = new JPasswordField();
    //复选框
    private JCheckBox jcBox = new JCheckBox("记住密码");
    //按钮
    private JButton logIn = new JButton("登 录");
    private JButton logOut = new JButton("退 出");

    //设置组件位置
    protected void setComponentConfig(){
        /**
         * 设置panel布局管理为自定义
         */
        panel.setLayout(null);
        title.setBounds(100,10,300,50);
        title.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,26));

        userLabel.setBounds(60,80,100,30);
        userLabel.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        passLabel.setBounds(60,130,100,30);
        passLabel.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        userText.setBounds(135,80,220,30);
        userText.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        passText.setBounds(135,130,220,30);
        passText.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,18));

        jcBox.setBounds(130,180,120,20);

        logIn.setBounds(135,220,80,30);
        logIn.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,16));

        logOut.setBounds(255,220,80,30);
        logOut.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,16));
    }
    //窗体添加元素
    protected void addElements(){
        panel.add(title);
        panel.add(userLabel);
        panel.add(userText);
        panel.add(passLabel);
        panel.add(passText);
        panel.add(jcBox);
        panel.add(logIn);
        panel.add(logOut);
        this.add(panel);
    }
    //添加事件
    protected void addListener(){
        ActionListener listener = new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String account = userText.getText();
                String password = new String(passText.getPassword());
                UserService uservice = new UserService();
                String res = uservice.Login(account,password);

                if(res.equals("登陆成功")){
                    //new ExaminaSystem();
                }else{
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(LoginFrame.this,res);
                    userText.setText("");
                    passText.setText("");
                }
            }
        };
        logIn.addActionListener(listener);
    }
    protected void setFrameSelf(){
        this.setBounds(200,300, 480,360);
        //设置窗体状态，显示
        this.setVisible(true);
        //点击关闭按钮，关闭窗口
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
    }

    public LoginFrame(){
        init();
    }
    public LoginFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        init();
    }
}
  • UserService
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package service;

public class UserService {
    public String Login(String account, String password){
        if(account.equals("admin") && password.equals("123456")){
            return "登录成功";
        }
        return "用户名或密码不正确";
    }
}